1. Exposition: The exposition introduces the main themes of the symphony. It typically begins with a slow introduction, followed by a faster Allegro section. The Allegro section is often in sonata-allegro form, which consists of three sections: the first theme, the second theme, and the development.
2. Development: The development section is where the composer develops and transforms the main themes from the exposition. This section is often quite dramatic and virtuosic.
3. Recapitulation: The recapitulation is a restatement of the main themes from the exposition. However, the recapitulation is usually not exact; the composer may make some changes to the themes, or add new material.
4. Coda: The coda is a short closing section that brings the symphony to a close. The coda is often very powerful and majestic.