Mozart's score includes notation for one flute, two oboes and two bassoons. Both oboes play the same part, as do the bassoons. It's worth noting that he didn't include anything for the clarinet, which was an instrument normally found in Classical era symphonies. According to Bret Pimentel, woodwind doubler and college professor, the "Jupiter Symphony" shows "evidence that Mozart's woodwind section has coalesced into a full member of the orchestra, capable of carrying important thematic material, but having risen above novelty."
The score notation includes parts for two trumpets in C, as well as two "Corni in C." Corni, plural of corno, is understood to be the modern French horn. During Mozart's era, it was normal to find natural F horns; however, most horns made today are in F. When playing the "Jupiter Symphony," most players will transpose to C on sight. No other horns are specified.
Two timpani drums are included in the score, one tuned to C and another tuned to G. The timpani used in Mozart's time predated the invention of machine tuning, and would have been tuned manually using T-shaped screws called taps. Both timpani play the same part, indicating that a single person would have played both at the same time.
Mozart's score includes parts for two violins, one viola, a cello and an upright bass. The first violin plays the primary melody, while the second violin and viola play complementary melodies. The cello and bass play the same part, with the bass part an octave below the cello.