1. Blend and Balance: The string section functions as the foundation and main sound of the orchestra. It provides a rich, warm, and cohesive sound that blends well with other instruments. The large number of strings allows for greater control over dynamics and tone color, enabling them to balance and support other sections.
2. Versatility: The string section is extremely versatile and capable of producing a wide range of musical expressions. It can play melodies, harmonies, countermelodies, pizzicato, tremolo, and various bowing techniques, contributing to the orchestra's overall expressiveness.
3. Timbral Variety: With various string instruments, each having its unique timbre, the string section offers diverse tonal colors. The violin, viola, cello, and double bass provide distinct voices that can blend together to create complex textures and harmonies. This variety enriches the orchestra's overall sonic palette.
4. Section Playing: Strings are often played in sections rather than as soloists. This creates a fuller, more uniform sound and allows for greater control over intonation, balance, and phrasing. The large number of players in the string section enables the creation of powerful, resonant tuttis and delicate, delicate passages.
5. Orchestral Tradition: Historically, the string section has been a crucial component of the orchestra, forming the core of the ensemble. The tradition of having a large string section has been passed down through the centuries, and many composers have written orchestral works that specifically highlight and exploit the capabilities of the strings.
In summary, the large size of the string section contributes to the orchestra's overall richness, versatility, and expressive power, making it an essential part of the orchestral sound.