1. Pitch: The vertical position of the notes on the staff indicates the pitch. Each line and space represents a specific musical note, and the clef symbol at the beginning of the staff (e.g., treble or bass clef) determines the exact pitch associated with each line and space. The higher the note is placed on the staff, the higher its pitch.
2. Rhythm: The horizontal placement of notes and rests indicates the rhythm or duration of each sound. The length of each note is determined by its shape (e.g., whole note, half note, quarter note, etc.), and the presence of dots, ties, and rests further affects the duration of notes and silences. By reading the rhythm accurately, musicians can play notes with the appropriate timing and duration.