1. Material: The top head (often called the batter head or striking head) is usually made of a more durable material, such as Mylar or Kevlar, to withstand the impact of the drumsticks. The bottom head (sometimes called the snare-side head) is typically thinner and made of a material like Mylar or calfskin, which allows it to vibrate more freely and produce the characteristic snare sound when the snare wires are engaged against it.
2. Thickness: The top head is generally thicker than the bottom head. The increased thickness of the top head enhances its durability and makes it more resistant to damage.
3. Texture: The top head often has a rough texture to provide more friction for the drumsticks, allowing for better grip and control. In contrast, the bottom head is usually smoother, which facilitates the interaction between the head and the snare wires to create the snare effect.
4. Sound: The materials and construction differences between the top and bottom heads result in distinct sonic characteristics. The top head produces a higher-pitched, more penetrating tone, while the bottom head contributes to the snare drum's resonance, fullness, and sensitivity to snare wire adjustments.