* Strings: violin, viola, cello, double bass
* Woodwinds: recorder, transverse flute, oboe, bassoon
* Brass: trumpet, trombone
* Keyboard: harpsichord, organ
* Voice: soprano, alto, tenor, bass
Classical Period (1750-1820)
* Strings: violin, viola, cello, double bass
* Woodwinds: flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon
* Brass: trumpet, trombone, horn
* Keyboard: piano, harpsichord
* Voice: soprano, alto, tenor, bass
Romantic Period (1820-1910)
* Strings: violin, viola, cello, double bass
* Woodwinds: flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, saxophone
* Brass: trumpet, trombone, horn, tuba
* Keyboard: piano, harpsichord
* Voice: soprano, alto, tenor, bass
20th Century (1910-present)
* Strings: violin, viola, cello, double bass
* Woodwinds: flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, saxophone
* Brass: trumpet, trombone, horn, tuba
* Keyboard: piano, synthesizer
* Electronic: synthesizer, sampler, drum machine
* Voice: soprano, alto, tenor, bass