* Increased use of sonata form: A musical form consisting of three sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation.
* Emphasis on melody and harmony: Melodies were often simple and singable, with a clear harmonic structure.
* Increased use of dynamics: Composers began to use dynamics (loudness and softness) to shape the emotional impact of their music.
* Increased use of orchestration: Composers began to use a wider range of instruments, and to experiment with different ways of orchestrating their music.
* Rise of the piano: The piano became the most popular keyboard instrument of the Classical era, and was used in both solo and ensemble works.
* Rise of the symphony: The symphony became the most important orchestral form of the Classical era, and was often written in four movements.
* Rise of the concerto: The concerto became a popular form of instrumental music, consisting of a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.
* Rise of the opera: The opera became a popular form of musical theater, featuring singing, dancing, and acting.