1. Banjo: The defining instrument of bluegrass, providing the driving rhythm and often featuring complex picking patterns.
2. Guitar: Typically plays the rhythm section alongside the banjo, but can also provide lead lines and harmonies.
3. Mandolin: Provides melodic lines and fills, adding another layer of complexity to the sound.
4. Bass: Provides the low end and rhythmic foundation, typically played with a flatpick.
5. Fiddle: Brings the melodic and improvisational element to bluegrass music, adding a traditional folk element.
While other instruments are sometimes used in bluegrass, these five are considered the essential core of the genre.