1. Idiophones: These instruments produce sound through the vibration of their entire body. Examples include xylophones, marimbas, gongs, and bells.
2. Membranophones: These instruments produce sound through the vibration of a stretched membrane. Examples include drums, timpani, and bongos.
3. Chordophones: These instruments produce sound through the vibration of strings. Examples include guitars, violins, and pianos.
4. Electrophones: These instruments produce sound through the conversion of electrical signals into sound waves. Examples include synthesizers, drum machines, and theremins.