1. Pitch: This refers to the highness or lowness of a sound. It is determined by the frequency of the sound wave, measured in hertz (Hz). The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.
2. Loudness: This refers to the intensity or volume of a sound. It is measured in decibels (dB). The higher the decibel level, the louder the sound.
3. Timbre: This refers to the unique quality or character of a sound. It is determined by the overtones or harmonics present in the sound wave. These overtones are frequencies that are related to the fundamental frequency of the sound.
4. Duration: This refers to the length of time that a sound lasts. It is measured in seconds.