Mutes can be made from different materials such as metal, plastic, or rubber. They are usually inserted into the bell of the instrument or placed over the mouthpiece. Each type of mute has a unique effect on the sound of the instrument.
1. Straight Mute: This is a cylindrical metal mute that is inserted into the bell of the instrument. It produces a softer and muffled sound, often used in orchestral settings to blend the brass instruments with other sections.
2. Cup Mute: Also known as a "Harmon" or "Plunger" mute, it is a cup-shaped metal mute with a rubber-lined edge that is held over the bell of the instrument. The cup mute produces a mellow, muted sound often used in jazz music.
3. Wah-Wah Mute: This mute consists of a metal cup with a plunger or valve that can be moved up and down, creating a wah-wah effect on the sound. It is commonly used in various genres, including jazz, funk, and rock music.
4. Bucket Mute: Similar to the straight mute but larger, the bucket mute has a wider and deeper design that results in a more muted and muffled sound. It is often used in orchestral settings.
5. Practice Mute: Designed primarily for practice, this type of mute is typically made of foam or rubber and completely blocks the bell of the instrument. It allows musicians to practice without producing much sound.
6. Harmon Mute: This small cup-shaped mute fits on the end of the instrument and is made of aluminum. It produces a softer and mellower tone while preserving a clear pitch.
Mutes are commonly used by brass instrumentalists to achieve different musical effects, dynamics, and articulations. They can also be used to change the timbre and create unique sonic textures.