1. Resistance: Harder reeds offer more resistance to the airflow when you blow into the saxophone. This requires a stronger embouchure (the way you shape your mouth and lips) and more breath pressure to produce a sound.
2. Tone: Harder reeds generally produce a brighter and more penetrating tone. They tend to emphasize the high harmonics of the instrument's sound spectrum, making the sound "edgier" or more cutting.
3. Volume: Harder reeds tend to produce a louder sound compared to softer reeds.
4. Intonation: Harder reeds may require a slight adjustment in the saxophone's tuning, as they tend to raise the overall pitch of the instrument.
5. Control and Articulation: Harder reeds can provide better control and articulation for experienced saxophonists who have developed the necessary embouchure and technique. They allow for more precise and responsive tonguing and staccato playing.
6. Endurance: Playing with harder reeds requires more physical effort, so it may be more tiring for beginners or players with weaker embouchures. Softer reeds may be more suitable for extended playing sessions.
Overall, the choice of reed hardness depends on the player's skill level, musical style, and personal preferences. Beginner saxophonists often start with softer reeds to develop their embouchure and technique, while more experienced players may prefer harder reeds for specific musical contexts or genres.