- Harpsichord: A keyboard instrument with strings plucked by plectra. It was widely used as a continuo instrument due to its ability to sustain notes and provide a solid foundation.
- Organ: A wind instrument with pipes and a keyboard. The organ's versatility and extensive range of sounds made it a popular choice for continuo playing in churches and large ensembles.
- Lute: A string instrument played by plucking the strings with fingers. The lute's warm and mellow音符 contributed to its frequent use in continuo playing during the Renaissance and Baroque eras.
- Theorbo: A large, long-necked lute with an extended bass register. It was specifically developed to enhance the low-frequency support in the basso continuo.
- Violoncello: A member of the violin family played by bowing its strings. While primarily a melodic instrument, the violoncello could also play the bass line in the basso continuo.
- Double bass: The largest member of the violin family, played by bowing. The double bass was sometimes used as a continuo instrument, providing the lowest foundation of the harmony.