- Piccolo: The smallest and highest-pitched member of the flute family, pitched an octave higher than the standard flute.
- Concert Flute: The most common type of flute, pitched in the key of C.
- Alto Flute: Pitched in the key of G, lower in pitch than the concert flute.
- Bass Flute: The lowest-pitched member of the flute family, pitched in the key of C, an octave lower than the concert flute.
- E-flat Clarinet: Also known as the soprano clarinet, it's the most common type of clarinet.
- B-flat Clarinet: Pitched a whole tone lower than the E-flat clarinet.
- Alto Clarinet: Pitched in the key of E-flat, lower than the B-flat clarinet.
- Bass Clarinet: The lowest-pitched member of the clarinet family, pitched in the key of B-flat, an octave lower than the B-flat clarinet.
- Oboe: The most common member of the oboe family, pitched in the key of C.
- English Horn: A larger version of the oboe, pitched in the key of F, a fifth lower than the oboe.
- Bass Oboe: The lowest-pitched member of the oboe family, pitched in the key of C, an octave lower than the oboe.
- Bassoon: The most common member of the bassoon family, pitched in the key of C.
- Contrabassoon: The lowest-pitched member of the bassoon family, pitched in the key of B-flat, an octave lower than the bassoon.
Types of Percussion Instruments:
- Xylophone: A percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned wooden bars that are struck with mallets.
- Marimba: A percussion instrument similar to the xylophone, but with larger bars made of rosewood or other hardwoods.
- Vibraphone: A percussion instrument that consists of metal bars suspended over resonating chambers, with a motor-driven damper that creates a vibrato effect.
- Glockenspiel: A percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned metal bars that are struck with mallets.
- Drums: A wide variety of drums, such as bass drums, snare drums, tom-toms, and bongos, are played by striking a stretched membrane with sticks, brushes, or hands.
- Timpani: Also known as kettledrums, these large drums have adjustable pitch achieved by tightening or loosening the membrane.
- Piano: A keyboard instrument with strings that are struck with hammers when the keys are pressed.
- Synthesizers: Electronic musical instruments that produce sound through electronic circuits and speakers.
- Electric Guitars: Electric guitars use pickups to convert the vibrations of the strings into electrical signals that can be amplified and shaped through various effects pedals and amplifiers.