The hammers are covered with felt, which cushions the impact of the hammers on the strings. This helps to prevent the strings from being damaged. The hammers strike the strings at a specific point called the "strike point". The strike point is located about 1/3 of the way from the bridge of the piano to the tuning pin.
The strings vibrate when they are hit by the hammers. The vibrations of the strings create sound waves that travel through the air and are heard by the listener. The higher the string is pitched, the faster it vibrates and the higher the pitch of the sound.
The sound waves from the strings are amplified by the soundboard of the piano. The soundboard is a large piece of wood that is located under the strings. The vibrations of the strings cause the soundboard to vibrate, which amplifies the sound waves and sends them out into the room.
The strings of a piano are also dampened by the dampers. The dampers are felt-covered pieces of wood that are located near the strings. The dampers stop the strings from vibrating after the hammers have hit them. This prevents the strings from continuing to vibrate and producing a sound after the key is released.
The piano is a very complex instrument, and the production of sound is a complex process. However, the basic principles are that the hammers hit the strings, the strings vibrate, and the sound waves are amplified by the soundboard.