The strings of a fiddle are typically made of gut or nylon, and are tuned to different pitches. The most common tuning is G, D, A, and E, with the G string being the lowest and the E string being the highest. The player can change the pitch of the notes by pressing their fingers down on the strings, which shortens the vibrating length and raises the pitch.
The bridge of the fiddle is a small piece of wood that sits between the strings and the body of the instrument. The bridge is responsible for transferring the vibrations of the strings to the body, and its shape and placement are critical to the sound of the fiddle.
The sound of a fiddle can be further modified by the use of different types of bows. Bows are typically made of wood or carbon fiber, and are strung with horsehair. The type of bow hair, as well as the tension of the bow, can affect the sound of the fiddle.
The player's technique also plays a role in the sound of the fiddle. Factors such as the speed of the bow stroke, the amount of pressure applied to the strings, and the use of vibrato all contribute to the overall sound of the instrument.