Tip Opening: The tip opening is the distance between the reed and the facing at the very tip. It is usually measured in thousandths of an inch (1000th of an inch, abbreviated as "thou"). Smaller tip openings create a more focused and controlled sound, while larger tip openings produce a broader and more open tone.
Facing Curve: The facing curve refers to the shape and contour of the facing from the tip to the back of the mouthpiece. Different facing curves can influence the tone, intonation, and response of the saxophone. A curve that is straighter produces a brighter and more focused sound, while a more rounded curve results in a warmer and fuller tone.
Baffle: The baffle is the area located directly above the tip opening. It helps to direct the airflow and influences the way the reed vibrates. A higher baffle creates more resistance and a brighter tone, while a lower baffle offers less resistance and a darker tone.
Rails: The rails are the two raised surfaces on either side of the facing curve. They provide support for the reed and affect its vibration. Wider rails tend to produce a brighter sound, while narrower rails result in a darker tone.
The combination of these elements in a mouthpiece facing determines the overall playing characteristics of the saxophone. Selecting the appropriate facing is crucial for achieving the desired sound, projection, and control. Saxophone players often experiment with different facings to find the one that best suits their individual playing style and musical preferences.