1. Length: The shorter the string, the higher the note. This is because the string vibrates faster when it is shorter, producing higher frequencies.
2. Tension: The tighter the string, the higher the note. This is because the string vibrates faster when it is tighter, producing higher frequencies.
3. Mass: The heavier the string, the lower the note. This is because the string moves more slowly when it is heavier, producing lower frequencies.
4. Thickness: The thicker the string, the lower the note. This is because a thicker string moves more slowly than a thinner string, producing lower frequencies.
By adjusting these factors, musicians can raise the pitch of a note. For example, a violinist can raise the pitch of a note by shortening the string, tightening the string, or using a thinner string.