- Qur'anic recitation (Qur'an): the oral tradition of reciting the Qur'an in a melodic style, characterized by a variety of maqamat (melodic modes).
- Nasheed: a vocal genre of religious songs with lyrics that glorify Allah, praise the Prophet Muhammad, or tell stories from Islamic history and tradition.
- Adhan: the call to prayer, recited by the muezzin from the minaret of a mosque.
- Takbir: a phrase ("Allahu Akbar") that is repeated during prayers and other religious rituals.
Secular Islamic music
- Sufi music: a diverse range of devotional music associated with Sufism, Islamic mysticism. It often features instruments such as the ney (reed flute), oud (lute), and daf (frame drum).
- Andalusian music (al-Andalus): a genre of classical music that developed in the Iberian Peninsula during the Islamic period. It combines Arabic, Berber, and European musical traditions.
- Maqamat (pl. maqam): a system of melodic modes that is used in both religious and secular Arabic music.
- Rhythms: a wide variety of rhythmic patterns, including those based on the Arabic poetic meter (aruz) and the Persian rhythmic cycle (dastgah).
- Dutar music: traditional music from Xinjiang province in China, influenced by both Islamic and Chinese musical traditions.
- Qawwali: a genre of Muslim devotional singing that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent and is performed by qawwals.
- Tarab: a genre of secular Arabic music that is known for its emotional and expressive nature.