Fado music is known for its melancholic and poignant character and its distinctive musical structure, which is primarily characterized by the Portuguese guitarra and viola de fado, along with the soulful singing of the vocalists, known as fadistas. The musical roots of Fado can be traced back to urban, working-class neighborhoods of Lisbon, particularly the Mouraria district, where African, European, and traditional Portuguese musical influences converged.
Here's a breakdown of the musical influences that shaped Fado:
African Influences: Fado music, particularly in its earliest forms, incorporated African rhythms and musical patterns, primarily from Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique, former Portuguese colonies. The "luanda" rhythm, featuring a syncopated pattern often played on the Portuguese guitar, is a notable example.
European Influences: Fado music also assimilated European musical elements, such as the harmonic structure and melodic contours from Western classical music, Portuguese folk songs, and even urban popular music styles of the time.
Arabic Influences: While there are some theories suggesting Arabic influences on Fado, particularly through the introduction of the Moorish lute in the Iberian Peninsula, these influences are not considered to be substantial or directly traceable in the genre.
Harmonies: The harmonies in Fado are primarily derived from Portuguese musical traditions, with a focus on melancholic melodies, minor keys, and expressive singing techniques.
So, while Fado music has diverse musical roots, the suggestion of predominant Brazilian, African, and Arabic influences is not entirely supported by music historians and musicologists. The musical essence of Fado is deeply rooted in Portuguese culture and history, and its unique expression of longing, fate, and resilience has made it a globally recognized symbol of Portuguese music and cultural identity.