Hip-hop DJs use the turntable as an instrument, moving a record back and forth under the needle to create a "scratching" sound. This scratching technique quickly spread to other genres of music; jazz musician Herbie Hancock incorporated scratching into his music as early as 1983. Pop, rock and electronic music have all borrowed scratching from hip-hop; Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello even developed a technique that simulates scratching on a guitar. In a broader sense, the overall sound of hip-hop beats -- especially the breakbeat drum rhythms and heavy, funky bass -- has greatly influenced pop music.
Several non-hip-hop music genres have borrowed the rap style of lyric performance. Electronic producers mixed rap with house music to make hip-house; rockers appropriated rapping to create rap-rock. Hip-hop has had an effect on many genres of electronic music: drum 'n' bass and dubstep, for example, often incorporate rapping. In a sort of reverse appropriation, Jamaican dancehall and ragga artists have re-borrowed rapping -- which originally drew influence from reggae "toasting" -- and mixed it with electronic reggae beats.
Although public officials may consider graffiti only as a nuisance, it has evolved into a recognized art form in its own right. Artists Jean-Michel Basquiat and Banksy began their careers by painting illegal graffiti and, although they may never have tagged a wall themselves, artists such as Keith Haring have drawn much of their inspiration from graffiti style. Several city governments have recognized graffiti's legitimacy as public art, providing legal spaces for painting graffiti and commissioning local graffiti artists to create public murals.
Breakdancing's iconic, frenetic movements have appeared in films, TV shows and even video games. Breakdancing has also influenced other styles of dance; European clubbers, for example, mixed punk, house and breakdance styles to create Tecktonik. The baggy pants, running shoes and stocking caps typical of breakdancing fashion have also become popular among non-breakdancers.