Cultural and societal norms: Throughout history, music composition has been largely considered a male profession, and women were often excluded from formal music education and opportunities to showcase their work.
Lack of recognition: Even when women did compose music, their contributions were often overlooked or attributed to male composers. They faced biases and discrimination within the music industry and had fewer chances for recognition and success compared to their male counterparts.
Barriers in education and performance: Women had limited access to music training, education, and mentorship, which hindered their ability to develop their skills and achieve fame as composers.
Male-dominated musical institutions and organizations: The music industry and classical music world were predominantly male-dominated, with orchestras, opera houses, and publishing companies led by men. This made it difficult for women composers to get their music performed or published.
Performance practices: In many historical periods, women were discouraged or restricted from performing certain instruments or participating in public performances. This further limited their visibility and opportunities for recognition as composers.
Gender roles and expectations: Societal gender roles expected women to focus on domestic duties and family responsibilities, leaving less time and space for pursuing a professional music career.
It's important to note that this pattern of male dominance in music composition is not absolute and has evolved over time. While these factors have contributed to the historical prominence of male composers, there have been many talented and accomplished female composers throughout history who have made significant contributions to the field of music. In recent decades, efforts have been made to rectify the gender imbalance and recognize female composers' achievements, leading to increased visibility and recognition for their work.