Roots reggae: This is the original form of reggae, which emerged in Jamaica in the late 1960s. Roots reggae is characterized by its strong emphasis on social commentary and spirituality, as well as its use of traditional Jamaican instruments such as the nyabinghi drums. Some of the most famous roots reggae artists include Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Jimmy Cliff.
Dub reggae: This subgenre of reggae developed in the early 1970s, and is characterized by its heavy use of studio effects, such as echo and reverb. Dub reggae is often stripped-down and instrumental, with the focus on the rhythm and the sound effects. Some of the most famous dub reggae artists include Lee "Scratch" Perry, King Tubby, and Augustus Pablo.
Dancehall reggae: This subgenre of reggae emerged in the late 1970s, and is characterized by its uptempo beats and dance-oriented lyrics. Dancehall reggae is often performed by DJs, or "toasters," who rap and sing over the music. Some of the most famous dancehall reggae artists include Yellowman, Beenie Man, and Shabba Ranks.
Lovers rock: This subgenre of reggae developed in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s, and is characterized by its romantic lyrics and smooth, melodic sound. Lovers rock is often performed by female singers, and some of the most famous lovers rock artists include Janet Kay, Carroll Thompson, and Maxi Priest.
Raggamuffin: This subgenre of reggae emerged in the late 1980s, and is characterized by its fast tempo and aggressive lyrics. Raggamuffin is often associated with the "rude boy" culture of Jamaica, and some of the most famous raggamuffin artists include Shabba Ranks, Buju Banton, and Sizzla.