1. Pitch: This is the highness or lowness of a sound, and is determined by the frequency of the sound wave.
2. Loudness: This is the perceived strength or intensity of a sound, and is determined by the amplitude of the sound wave.
3. Timbre: This is the quality that distinguishes two sounds of the same pitch and loudness, and is determined by the overtone structure of the sound.
4. Duration: This is the length of time that a sound lasts.