- Pitch: The highness or lowness of a sound. On the piano, low sounds occur on the left-hand side of the keyboard, and high sounds occur on the right-hand side.
- Duration: The length of time a sound lasts.
- Dynamics: The loudness or softness of a sound.
- Timbre: The quality of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds. For example, the timbre of a flute is different from the timbre of a violin.
- Texture: The way the different parts of a piece of music fit together.
- Form: The overall structure of a piece of music.
- Harmony: The combination of different pitches that are played together.