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What are all the volume instructions in sheet music for example forte mesoforte. i seem to find a list of them online...?

Here is a list of some common volume instructions found in sheet music:

Loudness:

- Pianississimo (pp) - very, very soft

- Piano (p) - soft

- Mezzo piano (mp) - moderately soft

- Mezzoforte (mf) - moderately loud

- Forte (f) - loud

- Fortissimo (ff) - very loud

Sudden Changes:

- Crescendo (cresc.) - gradually louder

- Diminuendo (dim.) - gradually softer

- Forte subito (fp) - suddenly loud

- Piano subito (ps) - suddenly soft

Others:

- Morendo - dying away

- Perdendosi - gradually fading away

- Al niente - fade to nothing

- Sforzando (sfz) - a sudden, strong accent

Music Basics

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