A number of schools offer courses in the application of theatrical makeup and special effects makeup. Most of these programs are one to two weeks. However, for some of the more specialized techniques, the training may be four weeks or longer. Some of the schools offer night classes, and student housing is available on a few campuses.
Special effects makeup includes latex, liquid, airbrushing and prosthetics. Each type of makeup has a specific purpose. Latex makeup is used to make scars and other skin effects. Liquid makeup is used to give the face a natural look or to add shadowing effects. Bruising is one example of a liquid makeup effect. Airbrushing is usually used to blend other effects or add detailed effects. Prosthetics are used in conjunction with latex makeup and liquid makeup to add major features to the face, such as extra ears or severe scarring.
In order for special effects makeup to look its best, it is necessary to have the proper tools to apply the makeup, as well as for touch-ups and cleanups. Among the application tools needed are a variety of sponges for blending makeup, spirit gum to be used as an adhesive for scars and other effects, spirit gum removers, and cleansers for removing makeup.
Care and attention should be given when applying special effects makeup. Scissors used to trim can easily cause injury. Makeup that is allowed to get into eyes can cause major discomfort and possibly injure the eyes. Airbrush makeup and some of the chemicals in the makeup can cause respiratory damage, so proper ventilation is necessary.
Special effects makeup was first used in the film "Demolition d’un Mur" in 1895. However, it wasn’t until the 1950s, when horror movies became popular, that it became widely used. Because the producers wanted the effects to be lifelike, they turned to highly skilled makeup artists to create cuts, scars and other effects, such as monster faces, for the movies. As time has progressed, these effects have become more technologically advanced. Today, special effects makeup looks extremely lifelike on the big screen. New techniques are being established to cut down on the time spent applying the makeup, which may not improve the effects, but it will make applying the makeup easier for the artist and for the client.