1. Transmission Lines:
* High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission: India has several HVDC projects underway, including the North-East Grid (NE Grid) project using HVDC back-to-back converters for power transfer between states. HVDC is particularly useful for long-distance, high-capacity power transmission.
* Static VAR Compensators (SVCs): These are used to improve voltage stability and power flow control on transmission lines. They are commonly used on long lines or lines with high load variations.
* Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs): These devices are used to control the flow of power on transmission lines and can be used to improve system stability and provide faster fault clearing.
2. Power Plants:
* Static VAR Compensators (SVCs): These are used to improve the power factor and voltage profile at power plant busbars, which helps to improve the efficiency of power generation.
* Power Electronic Controllers (PECs): These are used in wind farms and solar power plants to regulate the output of the power plant and improve grid stability.
3. Urban Areas:
* Static VAR Compensators (SVCs): These are used to improve the voltage stability and power quality in urban areas, especially in areas with high concentrations of commercial and industrial loads.
* FACTS devices are also being used to improve the integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, into the grid.
Specific Examples:
* North-East Grid (NE Grid) Project: This project uses HVDC back-to-back converters for power transfer between states. It is a major step towards integrating the power grids of the North-East region with the rest of India.
* Western Regional Power Committee (WRPC) System: This system uses TCSCs and SVCs to improve power flow control and voltage stability.
* NTPC's Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station: This power plant uses SVCs to improve the power factor and voltage profile at the busbars.
* National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE): NIWE is using FACTS devices to study the integration of wind power into the grid.
Overall, the use of FACTS devices in India is expected to grow in the coming years as the country continues to invest in its power grid infrastructure and expand the use of renewable energy sources.
Note: This is not an exhaustive list, and there are many other examples of FACTS devices being used in India.