In larger productions, directors often use camera booms and cranes. The crane is a mechanical arm that extends the camera a distance anywhere from 6 feet to more than 30 feet with a robotic head that a remote operator can use to control the camera. This is often used for broad, sweeping overhead shots of crowds or settings.
The Dutch angle or Dutch tilt is a technique that tilts the camera slightly on one side in order to establish an uneasiness or imbalance in a scene. It was used extensively in the 1930s and 1940s in German cinema. Many believe the name is a mistranslation of "Deutsch tilt."
Rack focus is a rotation of the camera lens that changes the focal depth to highlight a particular area of an image. The rack focus guides a viewer's eye to certain elements in a scene. Most often it shifts attention from the foreground to the background or vice-versa.
A tracking shot can be achieved with a camera on a dolly or crane that follows particular action. Whether following an actor running through a scene or a car chase, the tracking shot can help the viewer feel closer to the action.
The dolly zoom is an effect that's used sparingly. It can be used in two ways: moving the camera forward while simultaneously zooming out, or pulling the camera back while zooming in. The effect is an unsettling distortion that stretches and compresses the image. It is used primarily for portraying a gut-wrenching or sickening reaction from a character.