Here's how:
* Casting: Director Victor Fleming held extensive casting calls in Hollywood, specifically seeking people of short stature.
* Variety of People: The Munchkins were made up of a diverse group: some were little people (people with dwarfism), some were average-sized adults who were made to appear shorter using techniques like forced perspective and special effects, and some were even children.
* Special Effects: A combination of techniques made the Munchkins appear as if they were truly small:
* Elevated sets: Sets were built on platforms, making the Munchkins appear smaller in comparison.
* Forced Perspective: Special camera angles and sets were used to exaggerate the size differences between the Munchkins and the larger actors.
* Costumes: Costumes were carefully designed to emphasize the small stature of the actors, and to create a whimsical and fantastical look.
So, while the Munchkins were real people, they were carefully chosen and presented to create the effect of a magical, miniature world.