1.Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of the astronaut-hammer-boulder system before the impact would remain the same after the impact. Since the astronaut and hammer are moving with a certain velocity, striking the boulder would transfer some of that velocity to the boulder, causing it to move as well.
2.Interaction Force: When the astronaut strikes the boulder with the hammer, there will be an interaction force between the hammer and the boulder according to Newton's Third Law of Motion. This force will exert an equal and opposite reaction on the astronaut, causing the astronaut to experience a recoil.
3.Change in Motion: The astronaut, hammer, and boulder will all experience a change in motion due to the impact. The boulder will begin moving in a new direction and at a different speed, while the astronaut and the hammer will also experience a change in their velocities.
4.Energy Transfer: The kinetic energy of the moving hammer will be transferred to the boulder upon impact. Some of this energy may also be converted into other forms, such as sound or heat, during the collision.
5.Debris and Particles: The impact might generate small particles and debris due to the collision, which could float in space or collide with other objects.
It's worth noting that the specific outcome and dynamics of the situation would depend on various factors such as the masses of the astronaut, hammer, and boulder, the initial velocities, and the point of impact. In a real-world scenario, the lack of gravity and the presence of spacesuits and tools would introduce additional complexities to the interaction and response.