Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conquistador, employed various strategies to trick and capture the Incan emperor Atahualpa in 1532. Here's how Pizarro managed to deceive the Incas:
1. Diplomatic Engagements:
Pizarro initially tried to establish diplomatic contact with Atahualpa, sending envoys and messengers to Cajamarca, the city where the Incan emperor was residing. He presented himself as a representative of the Spanish Crown and expressed a desire for peaceful negotiations.
2. Use of Interpreters:
Spanish conquistadors utilized skilled interpreters, particularly Felipillo and Francisco de Chaves, who were fluent in both Spanish and Quechua, the language of the Incas. These interpreters facilitated effective communication between the two parties.
3. False Promises:
Pizarro convinced Atahualpa to meet with him in Cajamarca, promising safety, friendship, and the potential for a partnership with the Spanish. Atahualpa was assured that the Spaniards sought to establish trade and peaceful relations.
4. Display of Power:
Prior to the meeting, Pizarro prepared his troops and arranged them in a strategic formation to showcase the strength and discipline of the Spanish military. This display aimed to intimidate the Incas and instill confidence in Atahualpa.
5. The Cavalry Charge:
During the meeting in Cajamarca's central square, Pizarro ordered a sudden and swift attack on Atahualpa's entourage. The Spanish cavalry charged into the unsuspecting Inca ranks, creating chaos and confusion.
6. Capture and Imprisonment:
In the midst of the commotion, Pizarro himself approached Atahualpa and captured him. He quickly had the emperor taken prisoner and held in a nearby building, effectively eliminating the Incan leader from the battle.
7. Ransom:
Pizarro then offered to release Atahualpa in exchange for an enormous ransom. The Inca agreed and promised to fill a room with gold and silver artifacts to secure his freedom. However, the Spanish ultimately decided to execute him despite receiving the ransom.
By employing a combination of diplomatic pretense, false promises, military strategy, and deception, Francisco Pizarro managed to capture the Incan emperor Atahualpa and gain control of the Inca Empire. This event marked a significant turning point in the Spanish conquest of Peru.