In Pokémon Emerald, there are only two ways to obtain a fishing rod:
1. Old Rod: You receive this from your rival, Wally, after defeating him at the Slateport Gym.
2. Good Rod: You can purchase this from the Department Store in Slateport City after defeating the Gym Leader.
These rods allow you to catch different types of Pokémon depending on the location and time of day.
If you're playing Pokémon Emerald and looking to catch rare Pokémon, focus on finding good fishing spots and using the Good Rod.