The idea of a dream drying up like a raisin in the sun suggests that dreams can wither and lose their vitality when they are repeatedly denied or suppressed. The metaphor evokes the image of a once juicy and plump grape gradually shrinking, becoming wrinkled, and losing its moisture under the heat of the sun. Similarly, dreams that are consistently thwarted or undervalued may lose their initial vigor, optimism, and potential for realization.
In the context of the play, the characters' dreams are metaphorically compared to raisins to highlight the impact of systemic racism and economic disparities on their aspirations. The Younger family, in particular, grapples with the constant deferment of their dream of owning a home due to discriminatory practices in housing, job opportunities, and access to financial resources.
As the play unfolds, the Younger family's dream undergoes various challenges, setbacks, and moments of hope. However, due to the persistent nature of the systemic barriers they face, their dream gradually faces the risk of drying up and losing its initial vitality. The metaphor of a raisin in the sun serves as a poignant reminder of the erosion of dreams when they encounter persistent obstacles.
The phrase "What happens to a dream deferred?" is a central question that underlies the play and resonates deeply with the larger context of social justice and the pursuit of equality. Hansberry's use of this metaphor encourages readers and audiences to reflect on the consequences of neglecting or suppressing dreams and aspirations and to consider the larger societal implications of systemic barriers that hinder individuals and communities from reaching their full potential.