Here's a breakdown:
* Neoclassicism: This movement emphasized reason, order, and balance in art and literature. It drew inspiration from classical Greek and Roman models, often valuing form and structure over emotional expression.
* Enlightenment rationalism: This philosophical movement emphasized reason, logic, and scientific inquiry as the primary means of understanding the world. It valued objective truth and often disregarded subjective experiences and emotions.
Sturm und Drang (meaning "storm and stress") rebelled against these ideals. They championed:
* Emotion and passion: They valued raw, intense emotions, often exploring themes of despair, rebellion, and individual freedom.
* Subjectivity: They focused on personal experience and individual expression, rejecting the objective, rational perspective of the Enlightenment.
* Nature: They saw nature as a source of inspiration and power, often contrasting it with the artificiality of society and culture.
* The "genius": They celebrated the individual with exceptional talent and creativity, believing that true genius defied societal norms and expectations.
Key figures in the Sturm und Drang movement include:
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther"
* Friedrich Schiller: Author of "The Robbers"
* Johann Gottfried Herder: Philosopher and critic
Overall, the Sturm und Drang movement represented a rejection of the rigid intellectual and artistic structures of the Enlightenment, paving the way for the more personal and emotional expressions of Romanticism that followed.