Chiaroscuro can be achieved through a variety of means, including:
* The use of light and dark pigments: By using lighter and darker pigments, artists can create the illusion of light and shadow. This technique is often used to create a sense of depth or to highlight certain objects in a painting.
* The use of light and dark values: Even if different colors are used, contrasting light and dark values can create a chiaroscuro effect. This technique is often used to create a sense of drama or to create a sense of realism.
* The use of light and dark shading: By using different shading techniques, artists can create the illusion of light and shadow. This technique is often used to create a sense of texture or to create a sense of depth.
Chiaroscuro is a powerful technique that can be used to create a variety of effects in a painting. It can be used to create a sense of depth, drama, realism, or texture.