Geographical location: Sriharikota is located on the southeastern coast of India, making it an ideal location for launching satellites into orbit. It lies on the east coast, which allows satellites to be placed in the desired orbits with minimal interference from landmasses. The proximity to the equator also provides an advantage as satellites can be launched with less energy and cost.
Infrastructure: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) established the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, which serves as the primary launch site for Indian satellites. SDSC has the necessary infrastructure and facilities for satellite launches, including launch pads, control centers, tracking systems, and telemetry stations.
Safety and security: The location of Sriharikota allows for safe and secure satellite launches. It is relatively isolated, with minimal population in the vicinity, reducing the risk of damage or injuries in case of any mishaps during launches. The Indian Navy provides security and surveillance support to ensure safety and security of the launch operations.
Environmental conditions: Sriharikota's climate and weather conditions are suitable for satellite launches. The region experiences minimal cyclones and other natural disasters, providing a relatively stable environment for launches. The clear weather conditions and visibility also facilitate smooth tracking and monitoring of rockets and satellites during launches.
Accessibility and logistics: Sriharikota is well-connected by road, rail, and air, making it accessible for transportation of equipment, personnel, and payloads. The presence of a dedicated spaceport with necessary infrastructure and support facilities simplifies logistics and operations related to satellite launches.
Historical significance: Sriharikota has a history dating back to the 1970s when ISRO began using the site for experimental launches. Over the years, it has successfully accomplished numerous satellite launches, including the launch of India's first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. The success and expertise gained over the years have made Sriharikota a significant and well-established launch pad for satellites in India.