Chhand is derived from the Sanskrit word "chhanda," meaning meter or verse. It involves the use of specific rhythmic patterns and footwork sequences that create a pleasing and dynamic flow in the dance. Each classical dance form has its distinct chhand, which contributes to its unique style and aesthetics.
In Indian classical dance, the rhythmic patterns (tala) are divided into different time cycles, known as "avartas" or "laya." These time cycles are marked by the dancer's footwork and hand claps. The dancer moves according to the beat of the tala, adhering to the rhythmic patterns and variations prescribed for each dance style.
For instance, in Kathak, one of the most prominent classical dance forms from Northern India, chhand plays a vital role in creating the dynamic footwork and intricate rhythmic patterns known as "bols." Kathak dancers use a variety of chhands, each with its specific footwork and rhythmic structure, such as Teentala, Ektala, and Jhaptaal.
Similarly, in Bharatanatyam, a classical dance form from Southern India, chhand is expressed through the "adavus" (basic dance units) and "jathis" (footwork patterns). Bharatanatyam dancers perform sequences of adavus and jathis in various time cycles, creating complex rhythmic patterns and showcasing their precision and control.
Chhand also involves the concept of "laya" or tempo. Dancers may vary the speed and intensity of the rhythmic patterns to create different effects and moods in the dance. Faster laya creates a sense of urgency and excitement, while slower laya can convey serenity or contemplation.
In summary, chhand in classical dance refers to the rhythmic patterns, footwork sequences, and time cycles that form the foundation of the dance. It is an integral part of classical dance technique that adds structure, dynamism, and aesthetic beauty to the performance.