Major chords:
- Major scale: The major scale built from the root of the major chord is the most common choice.
- Lydian scale: The Lydian scale is similar to the major scale but with a raised fourth degree. It adds a brighter, more cheerful sound.
- Mixolydian scale: The Mixolydian scale is similar to the major scale but with a lowered seventh degree. It has a slightly bluesy sound.
Minor chords:
- Minor scale: The minor scale built from the root of the minor chord is the most common choice.
- Dorian scale: The Dorian scale is similar to the minor scale but with a raised sixth degree. It has a more soulful, mellow sound.
- Phrygian scale: The Phrygian scale is similar to the minor scale but with a lowered second degree. It has a dark, mysterious sound.
Dominant chords:
- Major scale: The major scale built from the fifth degree of the dominant chord (also known as the "Mixolydian b6 scale") is often used over dominant chords.
- Altered scale: The altered scale is a seven-note scale that includes several altered tones, such as a flatted fifth and sharp ninth. It adds a tense, dissonant sound.
Diminished chords:
- Half-diminished scale: The half-diminished scale is a seven-note scale that contains three diminished triads. It has a dark, mysterious sound.
- Whole-tone scale: The whole-tone scale is a six-note scale that consists entirely of whole steps. It has a floaty, ethereal sound.
These are just a few of the many scales that can be used over jazz chord progressions. The best way to learn which scales to use is to listen to great jazz musicians and experiment with different scales until you find ones that you enjoy and that sound good to you.