- Garage rock and psychedelic rock (mid-1960s)
- Raw, distorted sound, unconventional song structures, and anti-establishment lyrics.
2. Emergence of Punk: New York City and London (late 1960s-early 1970s)
- Velvet Underground, Stooges, New York Dolls: Experimental music, rejection of mainstream values.
- Sex Pistols, The Clash: Political and confrontational lyrics, DIY approach, anti-establishment stance.
3. Subgenres and Diversification (1970s-1980s)
- Hardcore punk: Faster tempo, aggressive sound, political activism (Minor Threat, Bad Brains).
- Post-punk: Experimental and artistic direction, less emphasis on speed (Talking Heads, Joy Division).
- New wave: More accessible and commercial sound, influenced by punk aesthetics (Blondie, The Cars).
4. Global Spread (1980s-1990s)
- Punk scenes emerged in various countries and regions, incorporating local influences and socio-political contexts.
- South America (Argentina, Brazil), Australia (The Saints), Japan (The Plasmatics), Europe (The Exploited, Dead Kennedys).
5. Punk in the Mainstream (1990s-Present)
- Mainstream exposure through music festivals, media, and commercial success of punk-influenced artists.
- Bands like Green Day, Blink-182, and Rancid popularized punk among a wider audience.
6. Continued Evolution and Subgenres
- Ska punk (The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Less Than Jake), pop punk (Fall Out Boy, Blink-182), street punk (Agnostic Front, Dropkick Murphys), horror punk (Misfits), crust punk (Anti-Cimex, Amebix).
- Hardcore punk subgenres (powerviolence, screamo, grindcore), crust punk, anarcho-punk, queercore.
Punk's evolution reflects its diverse roots, adaptability, and ability to give voice to countercultural and marginalized perspectives.