- Developed by Martha Graham in the early 20th century
- Emphasizes contraction and release of the torso, as well as dynamic floor work
2. Horton technique:
- Developed by Lester Horton in the mid-20th century
- Emphasizes strength, precision, and isolations of different body parts
3. Limon technique:
- Developed by José Limón in the mid-20th century
- Emphasizes fluid movements, weight shifts, and partnering
4. Cunningham technique:
- Developed by Merce Cunningham in the mid-20th century
- Emphasizes chance and improvisation, as well as the relationship between the dancer and the space around them