Figurative language: Figurative language is the use of words or expressions to create a non-literal meaning. It can be used to create imagery or make comparisons, and can include metaphors, similes, personification, alliteration, and many other devices.
Sound devices: Sound devices are the use of specific sounds in poetry to create a particular effect. Examples of sound devices include rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia.
Rhythm and meter: Rhythm and meter refer to the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. Meter is usually described in terms of the number of stressed syllables in each line, and the most common meter is iambic pentameter, which has five stressed syllables per line.
Structure: The structure of a poem refers to its overall form. This can include the number of lines, stanzas, and the way the lines are organized on the page.
Theme: The theme of a poem refers to the central idea or message that the poet is trying to convey. Themes can be explicit or implicit, and can range from broad concepts such as love, death, or nature, to more specific or personal topics.