Situation refers to the specific circumstances or events that are happening in the poem. This can include the actions of the characters, the events that are taking place, and the emotional state of the speaker or characters. The situation is often the driving force of the poem, and it creates the conflict or tension that the poem explores.
Setting, on the other hand, refers to the physical and temporal context of the poem. This includes the location where the poem takes place, the time period, and the social or cultural context. The setting can help to create atmosphere and mood, and it can also provide insight into the characters and their motivations.
In some cases, the situation and setting may be closely intertwined. For example, a poem about a character who is lost in a forest might use the setting of the forest to create a sense of mystery and danger, and to reflect the character's emotional state.
In other cases, the situation and setting may be more distinct. For example, a poem about a war might use the setting of the war to provide a backdrop for the characters' actions, but the focus of the poem might be on the characters' relationships or their emotional responses to the war.
Ultimately, the relationship between situation and setting in poetry is complex and fluid. The poet may use either or both of these elements to create meaning and to engage the reader's imagination.