1. Dukkha (Suffering): Life is inherently marked by suffering, dissatisfaction, and pain.
2. Samudaya (The Cause of Suffering): Suffering is caused by desire and attachment to worldly things, such as personal possessions, relationships, and even our own existence.
3. Nirodha (The Cessation of Suffering): The only way to end suffering is to detach oneself from desire and eliminate attachments.
4. Magga (The Path to the End of Suffering): The path to liberation from suffering is following the Noble Eightfold Path, which involves ethical conduct, mental development, and wisdom.