* Figurative language: Poems more frequently use figurative language, such as similes, metaphors, personification, and symbolism, which are less specific than literal language. This can deliberately evoke deeper, subtler, and more individualized ideas than a straight, literal description. Poetry's use of imagery also frequently invites and even demands multiple interpretations.
* Connotation: Words and phrases can contain hidden and implicit layers of suggested meanings, not just a literal dictionary meaning. This can open the door to multiple potential interpretations. Words can even acquire unique shades of meaning within the context of a specific poem, which the poet may deliberately manipulate to create a desired effect.
* Complexity: Many poems are more compact than other genres, and poets intentionally use word choice, syntax, and rhythm to build in complex connections and relationships. This can often result in a concentrated density of meaning that the reader needs to actively engage in order to fully comprehend.
* Allusion: Poems frequently allude to other cultural works, such as myths, history, stories, art, and other poetry, which can require knowledge to unpack and understand the full meanings.
* Emotional response: Poetry can often aim to evoke a specific emotion or emotional response in the reader, which can cloud clarity and literal interpretation. Emotional responses can be complex and difficult to articulate, making a precise interpretation elusive.
In addition to these factors, poetry is often written in a non-linear or fragmentary way, which can add to its ambiguity. There is no single "right" way to interpret a poem, and different readers may find different meanings in the same work. This is part of what makes poetry so interesting and rewarding to read.