Playford's most important contribution to music was the publication of his collection of English country dances, _The English Dancing Master_. The first edition of this work was published in 1651, and it went through numerous editions until the end of the 18th century. _The English Dancing Master_ contains over 500 country dances, and it is an important source of information about the history of English folk music.
Playford also published other collections of music, including _The Whole Book of Psalms_ (1677), _The Divine Companion_ (1678), and _The Musical Companion_ (1672). He also wrote a number of theoretical works on music, including _An Introduction to the Skill of Musick_ (1654) and _A Brief Introduction to the Art of Descant_ (1660).
Playford was a prolific and influential musician, and his work played an important role in the development of English folk and traditional music.