This type of metaphor extends the use of comparison beyond just one example. From the Purdue Online Writing Lab: "The teacher descended upon the exams, sank his talons into their pages, ripped the answers to shreds, and then, perching in his chair, began to digest." In this instance, the metaphor comparing the teacher to a bird of prey is extended into multiple actions.
When a metaphor is used in writing, but is not clearly stated, it is an implied metaphor. For example, if a writer wants to compare a car to a tiger, the author could state "the Ferrari crouched at the curb, growling, waiting to pounce on the unsuspecting yellow cab."
This a type of metaphor using the words "like" or "as." As an example, "her dress was like a waterfall of cascading blue waves." It is often easier to write than the other types of metaphors because it requires less skill with language.
A metonym is described as "the substitution of one term for another with which it is commonly associated or closely related." For example, a crown is a metonym for a king, and a cane is a metonym for old age. Also, books are metonyms for knowledge.
The synedoche (sih-NECK-duh-kee) is a comparison where a word standing for a part of portion of something is used to represent the whole, or vice versa. For example, the term "50 head of cattle" really means 50 cows, but the word "cattle" is used to describe each of them. In the Bible verse "give us this day our daily bread," the word "bread" substitutes for any type of food and means sustenance as a whole.