Students in a literature circle put their reading skills to the test. Students actively read texts at home -- that is, take notes, underline key phrases and write comments in the margins. Teachers can also assign students chapter questions to answer as they read. All of these activities enhance comprehension of the text, enabling students to participate meaningfully in group discussion.
Contributing ideas to discussion is another skill literature circles teach students. Students gain confidence by bringing their own ideas and opinions to the table and hearing reactions to them from other students. Students determine how best to ensure their ideas get heard, whether this means preparing notes ahead of time, sharing their chapter questions or simply talking when they feel inspired.
Because literature circles involve several participators, students learn to allow others time to contribute their ideas. Teachers can experiment with different methods to encourage fair sharing time, such as having students go around the circle so each person can respond to the story, then opening up the floor for free discussion. Students also learn to listen respectfully by not talking when another student is sharing and allowing someone who hasn't shared yet a chance to participate.
Often, literature circles divide students into different roles, each one requiring its own skill set. A researcher finds information on the author's life and beliefs, as well as any historical or social context for the book. Another student might be responsible for finding definitions for difficult words in the text, while another might prepare questions for discussion. An illustrator shares visual representations of the story. Teachers might also assign a discussion leader who ensures fair and equal participation, or a recorder, who writes down the main ideas discussed or conclusions reached that day.