- Alliteration: The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words.
- Assonance: The repetition of the same vowel sound in a series of words.
- Consonance: The repetition of the same consonant sound in a series of words, even if the sounds are not at the beginning of the words.
- Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as."
- Simile: A comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as."
- Personification: Giving human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.
- Hyperbole: An exaggeration for effect.
- Litotes: An understatement for effect.
- Symbolism: Using an object, person, or event to represent something else.
- Allegory: A story that can be interpreted to have a deeper meaning.
- Satire: A work that uses humor to criticize something.
- Irony: A statement that says one thing but means something different.
- Parallelism: The repetition of a grammatical structure or phrase.
- Chiasmus: A reversal of the order of words or phrases.
- Anaphora: The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
- Epistrophe: The repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences.
- Polyptoton: The repetition of the same word in different inflected forms.
- Rhyme: The repetition of the same vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words.