One criticism of the Venetian law in the play is its strict enforcement of contracts, regardless of the circumstances. This is evident in the case of Shylock, the Jewish moneylender who demands a pound of flesh from Antonio, a Christian merchant, as repayment for a loan. The Venetian law supports Shylock's claim, even though it seems harsh and unjust. This inflexibility of the law raises questions about its fairness and humanity.
Another aspect of the Venetian law that is criticized in the play is its prejudice against Jews. Shylock is subjected to discrimination and insults throughout the play, and his rights as a citizen are disregarded simply because of his religion. This portrayal reflects the anti-Semitism that was prevalent in Venetian society during the time the play was written.
However, the play also recognizes the importance of the law in upholding justice and resolving conflicts. The Duke of Venice, who presides over the trial between Shylock and Antonio, ultimately finds a way to save Antonio's life while also respecting the law. This demonstrates the law's ability to adapt to changing circumstances and to ultimately serve the greater good of the community.
In summary, "The Merchant of Venice" presents a multifaceted view of the law of Venice. While the play does highlight certain flaws and injustices in the legal system, it also acknowledges the law's importance in maintaining order and justice within the city-state. Shakespeare's portrayal of the law is complex and nuanced, reflecting both the strengths and weaknesses of the legal system in Venice during the Renaissance period.